Adsorption

Adsorption is a surface phenomenon wherein atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a film of the adsorbate on the adsorbent. This process is distinct from absorption (which involves the permeation of substances into the bulk of a material), and can be physical (physisorption) or chemical (chemisorption), depending on the nature and energy of the interaction. Adsorption plays a central role in surface chemistry, catalysis, chromatographic separation, drug delivery, environmental processes, and biomaterials science. For example, protein adsorption onto biomaterials determines cellular responses, biocompatibility, and host reactions. Adsorption is not a biological receptor or molecular target, but rather a process relevant to the performance and safety of therapeutic agents and devices.

Other names

Surface adsorptionAdsorptive adhesionPhysisorptionChemisorption