Advanced glycation endproduct (AGEs)

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules formed through the non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids, a process known as the Maillard reaction (Singh et al., 2014). These compounds accumulate naturally over time but are significantly elevated under conditions of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, such as in diabetes mellitus (Vlassara & Uribarri, 2014). AGEs exert their pathogenic effects by altering the structural and functional properties of long-lived proteins like collagen, leading to tissue stiffness and organ dysfunction (Gkogkolou & Böhm, 2012). Furthermore, they interact with the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis (Schmidt et al., 2001). Therapeutic strategies targeting AGEs include inhibitors of their formation, agents that scavenge reactive carbonyl intermediates, and "AGE-breakers" designed to cleave existing cross-links to mitigate chronic complications in cardiovascular and renal diseases (Ahmed, 2005). Despite their potential, many AGE-targeting therapies have faced challenges in clinical trials regarding efficacy and safety, though they remain a significant area of research for metabolic and age-related disorders (Singh et al., 2014).

Other names

Advanced glycation end-productsGlycotoxinsMaillard reaction products

Inhibition of non-enzymatic glycation, scavenging of reactive carbonyl intermediates, and chemical cleavage of established protein-protein cross-links.