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Advanced Glycation Endproduct Formation
- Molecular classification
- Chemical Process, Non-enzymatic reaction
01
Overview
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of stable compounds formed through non-enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and free amine groups on proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. This process, known as glycation, primarily occurs via the Maillard reaction, leading to the formation of AGEs that accumulate in tissues and contribute to various pathological conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. AGEs exert their effects by binding to receptors like RAGE, triggering inflammatory and oxidative pathways.
- Other names
- AGE formationGlycationMaillard reaction in vivo
02
Biological functions
Protein modificationLipid modificationNucleic acid modificationExtracellular matrix cross-linkingInduction of oxidative stressInduction of inflammation
03
Disease associations
Diabetic complicationsCardiovascular diseaseNeurodegenerative diseaseChronic kidney diseaseCancerInfection (e.g., SARS-CoV-2)
04
Safety considerations
Accumulation leads to tissue damageContributes to chronic disease pathology
05
Biomarkers
Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML)Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL)PyrralinePentosidine
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