Airway obstruction

Airway obstruction refers to any blockage that hinders the free flow of air through the respiratory tract. It can occur in either the upper or lower parts of the airway. Causes include swelling and mucus production from conditions like asthma or COPD, foreign bodies (such as food or toys), trauma, allergic reactions, burns, chemicals, and congenital abnormalities. Symptoms may include coughing, wheezing (especially with lower airway involvement), stridor (with upper airway involvement), shortness of breath, rapid breathing and heartbeat. Severe cases can lead to agitation, loss of consciousness or death if untreated. Diagnosis often involves clinical assessment and tests such as spirometry for chronic cases. Treatment depends on cause but may involve removing blockages physically or medically using bronchodilators or anti-inflammatory drugs; severe cases require urgent intervention including oxygen therapy and sometimes mechanical ventilation.

Other names

Upper airway obstructionLower airway obstructionPartial airway obstructionComplete airway obstructionBlockage of the airway

Bronchodilators relax and widen airways to improve airflow. Inhaled corticosteroids decrease inflammation in the airways.