Albumin genomic locus (ALB locus)

The Albumin genomic locus (ALB) is the chromosomal region on 4q13.3 responsible for encoding albumin, the most abundant protein in human plasma (UniProt P02768). In the field of genetic medicine, this locus is utilized as a 'safe harbor' for in vivo gene editing because of its exceptionally high transcriptional activity in hepatocytes (Sangamo Therapeutics, 2024). By inserting a therapeutic transgene into the first intron of the albumin gene using tools like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), researchers can leverage the powerful endogenous albumin promoter to drive the secretion of high levels of therapeutic proteins into the bloodstream (PubMed: 29107332). This 'bio-factory' approach is currently being investigated for the treatment of monogenic disorders such as Hemophilia B and various Lysosomal Storage Diseases (NIH ClinicalTrials.gov). While the primary biological role of the locus is maintaining systemic osmotic pressure and transporting hormones and fatty acids, its therapeutic value lies in providing a stable, high-output platform for protein replacement therapy.

Other names

ALB geneSerum albumin locusAlbumin safe harbor4q13.3 locus

Targeted gene integration via genome editing (e.g., Zinc Finger Nucleases) to utilize the endogenous albumin promoter for high-level expression of therapeutic proteins.