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Albumin receptor (principal examples: gp60, SPARC, FcRn, GP18, GP30) (null)
- Target
- null
- Molecular classification
- Receptor, Scavenger receptor (GP18, GP30), Immunoglobulin superfamily (FcRn), Transmembrane glycoprotein (gp60, megalin), Extracellular matrix protein/interacting protein (SPARC)
01
Overview
Albumin receptor-mediated endocytosis is not a single molecular entity but a collection of related mechanisms through which specific cell surface receptors, most notably gp60 (albondin), SPARC, FcRn, GP18, and GP30, bind and internalize albumin into cells. These processes are essential for transcytosis across endothelial barriers, renal reabsorption of filtered albumin, and maintaining serum albumin levels. Dysfunction of these pathways is implicated in renal proteinuria, inflammation, and tissue fibrosis. Several advanced drug delivery platforms, including albumin-bound chemotherapy (like nab-paclitaxel), exploit these receptors for targeted uptake into tumors or particular tissues[3][4][5][1][7].
- Other names
- Albumin-binding receptorgp60 (albondin)SPARC (Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine)FcRn (neonatal Fc receptor)GP18GP30Megalin (for kidney epithelium-mediated albumin reabsorption)
02
Mechanism of action
*Drugs attached to albumin exploit albumin receptor-mediated endocytosis for cell entry or tissue-targeted delivery* (via gp60, SPARC, etc.). *Competitive or inhibitory ligands can block albumin binding and alter uptake pathways*.
03
Biological functions
Endocytosis and transcytosis of albuminMaintenance of serum albumin homeostasisRegulation of plasma protein transport across endotheliumRenal albumin reabsorptionDrug delivery (exploited for targeted therapies)Cellular signaling (e.g., via caveolin-1 pathway with gp60)
04
Disease associations
Cancer (gp60/SPARC are overexpressed in certain cancers and mediate tumor targeting)Kidney disease/proteinuria (dysregulation leads to albuminuria and kidney injury)Inflammation and fibrosis (mediated by albumin endocytosis-induced injury)Other (role in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery, infection, etc.)
05
Safety considerations
Possible off-target uptake and toxicity to non-target tissues if albumin-based carriers are used systemicallyCompromised homeostasis leading to low serum albumin or aggravation of proteinuria in kidney diseaseImmunogenicity and clearance of modified albumin by scavenger receptors
06
Interacting drugs
Nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane, albumin-bound formulation — targets albumin receptors for enhanced tumor delivery)
2 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Expression levels of gp60, SPARC, FcRn in tumor or kidney tissueAlbuminuria (for kidney dysfunction)
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