Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member B1 (ALDH1B1)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member B1 (ALDH1B1) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the oxidation and detoxification of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes, including acetaldehyde derived from ethanol metabolism and lipid peroxidation products[2][4][5]. It shares significant homology with ALDH2 and is predominantly expressed in the liver and gut. ALDH1B1 plays an important role in cellular defense against aldehyde toxicity, participates in ethanol metabolism, and contributes to antiviral immune responses by modulating MAVS-mediated signaling[1][2]. Its expression is altered in cancer, particularly colon cancer, making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target[3][7]. The enzyme is inhibited by disulfiram, and genetic variants have been linked to differential susceptibility to alcohol-related diseases and drug resistance[2][5]. It is part of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily, with functions impacting both normal physiology and pathology.

Other names

Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrialALDH1B1ALDH5ALDHXAldehyde dehydrogenase 5Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member B1ALDH class 2Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 5

Inhibition of ALDH1B1 dehydrogenase activity (e.g., by disulfiram) Modulation of metabolite clearance (e.g., acetaldehyde, in alcohol metabolism) Reducing viral replication by enhancing antiviral signaling