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Allergen immunotherapy mechanism

Molecular classification
Other
01

Overview

Allergen immunotherapy mechanism refers to the process by which repeated and gradually increasing exposure to a specific allergen leads to immune system desensitization, shifting the immune response towards tolerance, reducing Th2-driven allergic inflammation, increasing regulatory T cell (Treg) activity, and rebalancing antibody profiles from IgE to blocking IgG4. This therapeutic approach modifies the course of IgE-mediated allergic diseases by targeting the immune processes underlying hypersensitivity[1][2][3][4][5][6].

Other names
Allergen immunotherapySpecific immunotherapyAllergen desensitizationHypo-sensitization
02

Mechanism of action

Induction of peripheral tolerance using escalating doses of allergen; Generation of regulatory T cells (Treg/Tr1); Cytokine shift to IL-10, TGF-β; Immunoglobulin isotype switch from IgE to IgG4/IgA; Suppression of mast cell and basophil activity

03

Biological functions

Immune tolerance inductionSuppression of hypersensitivityRegulation of B cell isotype switchingInduction of regulatory T cellsSuppression of mast cell/basophil activation
04

Disease associations

AllergyInflammationAutoimmune disease
05

Safety considerations

Risk of anaphylaxisLocal/systemic allergic reactionsRequires long-term administration and careful monitoring
06

Biomarkers

Allergen-specific IgG4Allergen-specific IgETreg cell quantities and functionIL-10 levels

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