Allergen-specific B and T cell receptors (BCR/TCR)

Allergen-specific B and T cell receptors are the primary molecular gatekeepers of the adaptive immune response to environmental allergens. B-cell receptors (BCRs) on allergen-specific B cells recognize intact allergens, leading to B-cell activation and the eventual production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, which are central to the allergic cascade (Akdis & Akdis, 2014, PMID: 24486420). T-cell receptors (TCRs) on CD4+ T cells recognize processed allergen peptides presented by MHC class II molecules, typically driving a Th2-polarized response characterized by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4 and IL-13 (Durham & Shamji, 2023, PMID: 36513453). In allergic individuals, the activation of these receptors triggers mast cell degranulation and chronic tissue inflammation. Therapeutic interventions, such as allergen immunotherapy (AIT), specifically target these receptors by delivering controlled doses of allergens to induce peripheral tolerance, shifting the immune profile toward regulatory T cells (Tregs) and protective IgG4 production (Larche et al., 2006, PMID: 16622439). Understanding the specificity and signaling of these receptors is essential for the development of precision vaccines and biologics aimed at curing allergic diseases rather than merely managing symptoms.

Other names

Allergen-specific BCRAllergen-specific TCRIgE-BCRAllergen-reactive lymphocyte receptorsAllergen-specific immune receptors

Induction of immune tolerance through the modulation of allergen-specific T and B cell responses, including the promotion of T-regulatory cells, immune deviation from Th2 to Th1 phenotypes, and the induction of blocking IgG4 antibodies that compete with IgE for allergen binding.