Alpha-gal epitope-mediated immune response

The alpha-gal epitope (galactose-α-1,3-galactose, or α-Gal) is a carbohydrate structure found on glycoproteins and glycolipids of most mammals except for humans, apes, and Old World monkeys. In humans, the immune response to this epitope is mediated by pre-existing anti-α-Gal antibodies (IgM, IgA, IgG), which can trigger allergic reactions to mammalian-derived products or cause hyperacute rejection of xenografts. Sensitization to alpha-gal through tick bites can induce class-switching to IgE, resulting in alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), a delayed food allergy. However, anti-α-Gal antibodies also contribute to defense against pathogens expressing the α-Gal epitope.

Other names

Anti-alpha-gal antibody responseGalactose-alpha-1,3-galactose immune responseα-Gal immune response