Alternaria alternata-specific T cells (Aa-specific T cells)

Alternaria alternata-specific T cells are a specialized population of CD4+ T lymphocytes that recognize and respond to peptide epitopes derived from the fungus Alternaria alternata, a potent environmental allergen (PubMed: 34832011). The major allergen recognized by these cells is Alt a 1, a protein associated with severe and persistent asthma, particularly in children (PMC: 8573041). Upon exposure to fungal spores, these T cells typically differentiate into a Th2 phenotype, secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which drive IgE production and eosinophilic inflammation in the airways (PMC: 4154271). In the context of therapeutic intervention, these cells are the primary target of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), which utilizes fungal extracts or purified recombinant allergens to reprogram the immune system (PubMed: 34795663). Successful treatment leads to the induction of T-cell anergy or the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that produce suppressive cytokines like IL-10, thereby reducing clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma (PubMed: 29258311). Monitoring the frequency and cytokine profile of these T cells is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of desensitization treatments and understanding the patient's allergic profile.

Other names

Alternaria-reactive T cellsAlt a 1-specific CD4+ T cellsAlternaria-sensitized T lymphocytesFungal-specific T cellsT cells recognizing Alternaria alternata T-cell epitopes

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) induces peripheral T-cell tolerance by promoting a shift from a Th2-dominated pro-inflammatory response to a regulatory T-cell (Treg) or Th1-type response, often mediated by the production of IL-10 and TGF-beta (PubMed: 29258311, PMC: 8573041).