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Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

Target: AlCl₃
Molecular classification: Inorganic compound, Lewis acid

Overview

Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) is a white or yellowish inorganic Lewis acid used predominantly as an industrial catalyst in organic synthesis, especially in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions[2][3][7]. It exists in multiple structural forms (layered solid, dimeric liquid, and monomeric gas) depending on environmental conditions[1][2][3][5]. In medicine, topical aluminum chloride hexahydrate is used to treat excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) and as a local hemostatic agent in dentistry[8][6]. It is highly reactive, corrosive, and must be handled with care due to its vigorous reaction with moisture and potential health hazards[6][7].

Other names: Aluminium chlorideAluminium trichlorideAluminum trichloride

Mechanism of action

Lewis acid catalyst in organic Friedel-Crafts reactions[2][3][7] Forms a gel with sweat to block glands (antiperspirant effect)[8][6] Reacts with blood proteins to coagulate (hemostatic effect)[8][6]

Biological functions

Catalyst for chemical reactions

Disease associations

Topical agent in hyperhidrosishemostatic agent in dental care

Safety considerations

Highly corrosive and toxic in concentrated form[6]Reacts violently with water; produces hazardous HCl gas[7][5]Can cause skin/eye/respiratory irritation[6]Not systemically safe; generally restricted to topical use in medicine[6][8]

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