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Amino Acid Transport System X-AG
- Molecular classification
- Transporter, Solute Carrier Family 1 (SLC1)
01
Overview
The XAG- amino acid transporter, also known as "Amino Acid Transport System X-AG," is a family of potassium (K⁺) and sodium (Na⁺)-dependent transporters with high affinity for the acidic amino acids glutamic acid (glutamate) and aspartic acid. This system is primarily responsible for the uptake of these excitatory amino acids into cells, especially in the central nervous system. It corresponds to members of the solute carrier family 1 (SLC1), including EAAT1 through EAAT5. The primary function is the regulation of extracellular concentrations of glutamate in neural tissues, terminating postsynaptic action and preventing excitotoxicity. Dysfunction is implicated in neurological disorders like ALS and OCD. Therapeutic strategies target upregulation or modulation for neuroprotection.
- Other names
- XAG-System XAG-Excitatory Amino Acid TransportersEAATs
02
Mechanism of action
Upregulation or selective inhibition/modulation of glutamate transport
03
Biological functions
Glutamate transportAspartate transportRegulation of extracellular glutamate concentrationNeurotransmitter clearanceCysteine uptake
04
Disease associations
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)Dicarboxylic aminoaciduriaStrokeNeurodegenerative diseasesExcitotoxicity
05
Safety considerations
Potential for disrupting glutamate homeostasisOff-target effects on other SLC1 family members
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