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Aminotransferase Enzymes

Molecular classification: Enzyme

Overview

Aminotransferases, also known as transaminases, are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid. This process is called transamination and is fundamental in amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. These enzymes are widely distributed in various tissues throughout the body. The two most clinically significant aminotransferases are Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

Other names: Transaminases

Biological functions

Nitrogen redistribution for protein metabolismAmino acid synthesisAmino acid degradationGluconeogenesis

Disease associations

Liver diseaseCardiac diseaseMuscle damage

Safety considerations

Elevated levels indicate tissue injuryAST is less specific for liver damage

Biomarkers

Elevated serum ALT levels indicate hepatocellular damageElevated serum AST levels indicate tissue damage

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