AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 (AMPKγ3 (or PRKAG3))

AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 is the γ3 isoform of the regulatory γ subunit in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex, primarily encoded by the PRKAG3 gene and dominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. The AMPK complex is a central sensor of cellular energy status in eukaryotes and is activated by increases in AMP or ADP levels in response to metabolic stress. The γ3 subunit contains four cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domains that bind adenine nucleotides, allowing the enzyme complex to monitor cellular energy status and regulate downstream pathways accordingly. Once activated, AMPK inhibits anabolic processes (such as lipid, protein, and carbohydrate synthesis) and stimulates catabolic processes to restore ATP levels. AMPKγ3 specifically plays a key regulatory role in muscle energy metabolism and adapts muscle function to energy demands. Dysregulation of its function contributes to metabolic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic diseases. The complex is a promising therapeutic target for drug development, especially for metabolic and muscle-related disorders.

Other names

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3AMPK gamma 3PRKAG3 (gene symbol)Protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3AMPKγ3

Allosteric activation through AMP/ADP binding, enhancing phosphorylation of catalytic α subunit and activating metabolic pathways; Inhibition or modulation of metabolic enzyme activity and cell proliferation pathways via AMPK phosphorylation cascade.