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Amphetamine
- Molecular classification
- Central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, Sympathomimetic agent, Phenethylamine
01
Overview
Amphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and sympathomimetic agent. It is primarily used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and, less commonly, obesity. Amphetamine increases synaptic concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters—dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and to a lesser extent serotonin.
- Other names
- 1-phenylpropan-2-amineAdzenysDyanavelEvekeoBenniesSpeedUppers
02
Mechanism of action
Increases synaptic concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters by reverse transport, inhibiting reuptake, weakly inhibiting MAO, and interacting with VMAT2.
03
Biological functions
Increased synaptic concentrations of dopamineIncreased synaptic concentrations of norepinephrineIncreased synaptic concentrations of serotoninStimulation of neurotransmitter releaseInhibition of neurotransmitter reuptakeMonoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition
04
Disease associations
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)NarcolepsyObesity
05
Safety considerations
Cardiovascular diseasePsychiatric disordersHypertensive crisis (with MAO inhibitors)New/worsening psychosisCirculation problems (Raynaud's phenomenon-like symptoms)DependenceAbuse
06
Interacting drugs
MAO inhibitors
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