Amyloid precursor protein (APP)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a large type I transmembrane glycoprotein found in many tissues but is most studied for its role in the central nervous system. It is encoded by the APP gene on chromosome 21. The normal physiological function of APP remains incompletely understood, but it appears to play important roles in neural growth, neuronal migration during development, neurite outgrowth, neurorepair after injury, cell adhesion, and possibly synaptic plasticity. Proteolytic processing of APP by various secretases generates several biologically active fragments—including soluble forms with trophic functions as well as the amyloid-beta peptide. Accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides leads to formation of extracellular plaques characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Mutations or increased expression of APP are linked to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease and contribute to neuropathology seen in Down syndrome due to trisomy 21.[1][2][3] Note: The query "Amyloid beta precursor protein translation regulation" refers not directly to a canonical target molecule but rather describes a biological process regulating the synthesis/translation of APP mRNA into protein. The correct canonical target name should be "Amyloid precursor protein" or "APP." There is no recognized therapeutic target named "Amyloid beta precursor protein translation regulation," so this entry is marked as is_incorrect: true according to your conventions.[1]

Other names

Amyloid beta (A4) precursor proteinABPPAD1A4_HUMANABETAamyloid beta-peptideamyloid beta-protein precursorAPPIcerebral vascular amyloid peptide (CVAP)PN-II / PN2 / protease nexin 2 / protease nexin-II[1]