Angiogenesis pathways mediated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EV-mediated angiogenesis)

Angiogenesis pathways mediated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) and growth factors constitute a critical paracrine signaling mechanism involved in tissue repair and pathological progression [1]. BMSCs secrete these vesicles, which contain a diverse cargo of pro-angiogenic proteins such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), alongside regulatory microRNAs like miR-126 and miR-210 [2][3]. Once these EVs are internalized by vascular endothelial cells, they activate key intracellular signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK, which drive endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation [3]. In regenerative medicine, this pathway is harnessed to treat conditions like myocardial infarction, chronic wounds, and bone defects by promoting revascularization [4]. However, in oncology, BMSC-EVs can be co-opted by tumors to facilitate pathological angiogenesis, making the inhibition of this pathway a potential strategy for cancer therapy [5]. The therapeutic application of this pathway faces challenges regarding the standardization of EV isolation and the potential for unintended pro-tumorigenic effects [6].

Other names

BMSC-derived exosome signalingBone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesiclesBMSC-EV pro-angiogenic pathwayMSC-EV mediated neovascularization

Delivery of pro-angiogenic proteins (e.g., VEGF, HGF) and microRNAs (e.g., miR-126, miR-210) to endothelial cells to activate PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.