Angiogenesis via Cytokine Secretion

Angiogenesis via cytokine secretion refers to the process by which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing vasculature, primarily driven by the release of signaling proteins known as cytokines. This mechanism is fundamental in both physiological processes (such as development and wound healing) and pathological conditions (including tumor growth and chronic inflammation). Key cytokines include VEGF, FGF-2, HGF-SF, Angiopoietins, IL-6, IGF-1, TNFα, and CXCL12/SDF‑1α. Cytokine secretion involves complex intracellular trafficking pathways. Hypoxia and activated immune cells can induce the secretion of angiogenic factors. The main receptors mediating responses to angiogenic cytokines include VEGFRs, FGFRs, and Tie‑receptors. Cytokine-driven angiogenesis supports normal tissue growth/development, wound healing and menstrual cycle changes. In pathology, it plays a role in tumor progression and chronic inflammation.