Anti-poliovirus antibody (PV Ab)

Anti-poliovirus antibodies are specialized immunoglobulins produced by the host immune system to recognize and neutralize the three serotypes of poliovirus (PV1, PV2, and PV3) [1]. These antibodies, primarily of the IgG and IgA classes, target the viral capsid proteins—specifically VP1, VP2, and VP3—to prevent the virus from attaching to the human poliovirus receptor (CD155) on host cells [2, 4]. By neutralizing the virus in the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract (via IgA) or in the bloodstream (via IgG), these antibodies prevent the systemic spread of the virus to the central nervous system, thereby protecting against paralytic poliomyelitis [1, 3]. They are typically induced through active immunization with the Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) or the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV), though they can also be administered passively via immunoglobulin therapy in specific clinical settings [2, 3]. In public health and clinical diagnostics, the measurement of neutralizing antibody titers serves as the gold standard for determining an individual's immunity and evaluating the efficacy of vaccination campaigns [1, 4]. While highly effective at preventing disease, the level of intestinal immunity provided by these antibodies varies significantly between vaccine types, which is a critical factor in controlling the environmental spread of the virus [3].

Other names

Poliovirus neutralizing antibodyAnti-polio antibodyPoliovirus-specific immunoglobulinAnti-PV IgGAnti-PV IgA

Anti-poliovirus antibodies function by binding to specific epitopes on the viral capsid, which sterically hinders the virus's ability to interact with the CD155 receptor on host cells, effectively neutralizing the virus's infectivity [1, 4].