Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an immune mechanism where effector cells (e.g., NK cells, macrophages) kill antibody-coated target cells (e.g., virus-infected or cancerous cells). Antibodies bind to the target cell surface, and the Fc region of the antibody is recognized by Fc receptors on effector cells, leading to target cell lysis or apoptosis.

Other names

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicityAntibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Antibodies bind to target cells via Fab, then effector cells (NK cells, macrophages, etc.) bind to the antibody's Fc region via Fc receptors, triggering the release of cytotoxic molecules (perforin, granzymes) or death-inducing ligands, leading to target cell lysis or apoptosis.