Antigen-presenting cell receptors for HSP70

Antigen-presenting cell (APC) receptors for HSP70 are a group of cell surface proteins that mediate the uptake and immunological recognition of extracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) (Source: NIH). Key members of this group include scavenger receptors such as CD91 (LRP1), LOX-1 (OLR1), and SREC-I (SCARF1), as well as signaling receptors like CD40 and Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) (Source: PubMed). These receptors are essential for the chaperokine function of HSP70, where it acts as both a carrier for tumor-derived peptides and an adjuvant that stimulates the innate immune system (Source: ResearchGate). Upon binding to these receptors, HSP70-peptide complexes are internalized via endocytosis and directed into the cross-presentation pathway, allowing the associated antigens to be presented on MHC class I molecules to CD8+ T cells (Source: NIH). Simultaneously, the interaction triggers pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, primarily through the NF-κB pathway, which promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and the secretion of immunostimulatory cytokines (Source: Frontiers in Immunology). In the context of oncology, these receptors are the primary targets for HSP70-based cancer vaccines, which utilize the chaperone's ability to deliver tumor-specific antigens directly to APCs to elicit a potent anti-tumor immune response (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov). Therapeutic strategies involving these receptors include autologous tumor-derived HSP70 preparations and recombinant HSP70-antigen fusion proteins, which have been evaluated in clinical trials for various malignancies (Source: NIH). Beyond cancer, these receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, such as vitiligo, where extracellular HSP70 acts as a danger signal to activate local immune cells (Source: MDPI).

Other names

HSP70 receptorsScavenger receptors for HSP70CD91Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1)OLR1Scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells 1 (SREC-I)SCARF1CD40Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)CD14

Binding of HSP70-peptide complexes to these receptors facilitates endocytosis and cross-presentation of antigens on MHC class I molecules, while also triggering innate immune signaling and dendritic cell maturation.