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Antioxidant System
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Small Molecule, Other
01
Overview
The antioxidant system is an integrated network of molecules and enzymes that protect cells from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It includes enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin system & glutaredoxins; and non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamins C, E, A, β-carotene, uric acid, α-lipoic acid, and glutathione (GSH). The system maintains cellular redox homeostasis by scavenging free radicals, repairing oxidatively damaged biomolecules, and regenerating other antioxidants. It is crucial for protecting against diseases linked to oxidative stress. While dietary intake is essential, high-dose supplementation has not consistently shown benefits in disease prevention.
02
Mechanism of action
Directly reacting with free radicals; Inhibiting free radical generating enzymes; Enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes
03
Biological functions
Redox homeostasisFree radical scavengingProtection against oxidative stressRepair of oxidized biomolecules
04
Disease associations
CancerDiabetesNeurodegenerative disordersCardiovascular diseasesAging-related conditionsInflammation
05
Safety considerations
High-dose antioxidant supplementation may not consistently show benefits in disease preventionEffectiveness depends on complex biological interactions
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