Apolipoprotein (Apo (general), with specific forms such as ApoA-I, ApoB, ApoE, etc.)

Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind to lipids to form lipoproteins, which transport fats—including cholesterol and triglycerides—through the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and lymph. They have amphipathic properties that allow them to stabilize lipid particles in aqueous environments. Beyond their structural role in forming soluble lipid-protein complexes, apolipoproteins serve as enzyme cofactors essential for lipid metabolism and act as ligands for cell-surface receptors involved in the uptake and clearance of lipids from circulation. Different classes exist—such as ApoA-I in HDL (“good cholesterol”), ApoB in LDL (“bad cholesterol”), and ApoE—which have distinct physiological roles. Genetic variants or dysfunctions can contribute to diseases like atherosclerosis or neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease through altered lipid handling or signaling pathways.

Other names

ApoproteinLipoprotein protein componentApolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I)Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)others