Apolipoprotein E3 (ApoE3)

Apolipoprotein E3 (ApoE3) is the most prevalent isoform of the human apolipoprotein E protein, a 299-amino acid glycoprotein essential for lipid metabolism and neurobiology [1, 3]. Produced primarily by hepatocytes in the liver and astrocytes in the brain, it functions as a high-affinity ligand for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, mediating the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids to maintain cellular membrane integrity [8, 11]. In the central nervous system, ApoE3 is critical for facilitating the clearance of amyloid-beta peptides and supporting neuronal repair and synaptic plasticity [12, 17]. Unlike the pathogenic ApoE4 isoform, which is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, ApoE3 is considered phenotypically neutral or protective, making it a primary template for therapeutic strategies such as structure correctors and mimetic peptides [5, 10]. Current drug development efforts focus on enhancing ApoE3-mediated pathways or increasing its expression to counteract neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disorders [3, 6].

Other names

APOEApolipoprotein EAD2LPGLDLCQ5ApoE-ε3

Enhancement of amyloid-beta clearance, modulation of lipid transport via LDL receptor binding, and stabilization of neuronal membranes and synaptic integrity.