Apolipoprotein O (APOO)

Apolipoprotein O (APOO) is a member of the apolipoprotein family, crucial for lipid metabolism and homeostasis. It exists in secreted (55 kDa, predominantly on HDL in plasma) and intracellular (22 kDa, as a structural component of the MICOS complex in mitochondria) forms. APOO regulates whole-body cholesterol levels via a pathway involving the transcription factor NRF2 and the enzyme CYB5R3, facilitating cholesterol excretion independent of the LDL receptor. Genetic knockout studies in mice show APOO is important for normal cholesterol metabolism and protection against obesity and atherosclerosis. A pathogenic mutation in APOO was identified as the cause of X-linked mitochondrial myopathy in one family. Its deficiency exacerbates hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and obesity in animal models, positioning it as a potential therapeutic target for managing dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.

Other names

Apolipoprotein OAPOO

Simvastatin inhibits APOO expression, leading to reduced plasma cholesterol and modulation of cholesterol metabolism through the NRF2/CYB5R3 pathway.