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Appetite Regulation
- Molecular classification
- Complex physiological process, Neural circuits, Hormonal regulation
01
Overview
Appetite regulation is a complex physiological process involving central and peripheral mechanisms that control food intake, energy balance, and body weight. It integrates signals from the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, pancreas, and the central nervous system (CNS), particularly the hypothalamus and brainstem. Dysregulation of appetite control can lead to metabolic disorders such as obesity, anorexia, and cachexia.
- Other names
- Food intake regulationEnergy balance controlRegulation of hunger and satiety
02
Mechanism of action
Varies depending on the specific molecule/pathway targeted, including: - Activation or inhibition of hypothalamic circuits (e.g., NPY/AgRP, POMC/CART neurons). - Modulation of peripheral hormone signaling (e.g., ghrelin, leptin, GLP-1). - Targeting of reward pathways in the brain.
03
Biological functions
Regulation of food intakeEnergy homeostasisBody weight maintenanceControl of hunger and satietyIntegration of peripheral and central signals
04
Disease associations
ObesityAnorexia nervosaCachexiaEating disordersMetabolic syndrome
05
Safety considerations
Potential for off-target effects due to the complexity of the system.Risk of disrupting energy balance.Cardiovascular side effects (for some appetite suppressants).Psychiatric side effects (for some appetite suppressants).Development of tolerance.Rebound weight gain upon cessation of treatment.System complexity poses difficulties
06
Interacting drugs
Ghrelin agonists/antagonists (experimental)
6 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Ghrelin levelsLeptin levelsInsulin levelsGLP-1 levelsPYY levelsCCK levelsBody weightBMI (Body Mass Index)Waist circumference
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