Peanut Protein Allergen

Peanut protein allergens are specific proteins found in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) that can trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. These proteins are recognized by the immune system of allergic individuals, leading to the production of IgE antibodies and subsequent allergic responses upon exposure. Major allergens include Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, and Ara h 6. These proteins belong to structural families such as cupins, prolamins, profilins, oleosins and defensins. Upon exposure, IgE antibodies bind to the allergen, activating mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of histamine and other mediators, causing allergic symptoms. Some allergens exhibit cross-reactivity with other plant or pollen proteins, like Ara h 8 with birch pollen. Allergenicity can be affected by post-translational modifications. Management involves avoidance and emergency treatment with epinephrine; Palforzia is an oral immunotherapy option for desensitization.

Other names

Ara h 1Ara h 2Ara h 3Ara h 6Ara h 5Ara h 7Ara h 9Ara h 8Ara h 10Ara h 11Ara h 12Ara h 13

Avoidance of peanut protein; epinephrine for anaphylaxis (counteracts physiological effects); Palforzia (induces desensitization through oral immunotherapy)