Arenavirus Envelope Glycoprotein (GPC)

The arenavirus envelope glycoprotein is a critical viral surface protein complex responsible for mediating host cell entry and is the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. It is synthesized as a precursor polypeptide (GPC) that undergoes complex post-translational processing to yield the mature glycoprotein components found on the virion surface. The precursor consists of three main components: Stable Signal Peptide (SSP), GP1 (the receptor-binding subunit), and GP2 (the transmembrane fusion subunit). These subunits remain non-covalently associated on the virion surface as a trimeric complex. GP1 determines host range/tropism via interaction with specific cellular receptors. Low pH induces conformational changes in GP2, enabling membrane merger. SSP modulates this process. The glycoprotein is heavily shielded by glycans, impeding effective neutralization by antibodies, contributing to persistent infection.

Other names

Arenavirus Glycoprotein ComplexGPCGP1GP2Stable Signal PeptideSSP

Direct interaction with viral envelope glycoprotein complex to inhibit host cell entry or neutralize the virus. Developmental stage therapeutics may target specific stages of GPC processing, such as SKI-1/S1P inhibition.