Armadillo repeat-containing X-linked protein 1 (ARMCX1)

Armadillo repeat-containing X-linked protein 1 (ARMCX1) is a mitochondria-localized member of the ALEX protein family. It contains two armadillo (ARM) repeats and an N-terminal transmembrane domain, features that enable its localization to the mitochondrial outer membrane[1][2][6]. ARMCX1 is upregulated following axonal injury and its overexpression promotes mitochondrial transport, enhances neuronal survival, and facilitates axon regeneration, highlighting its role in neuronal repair and mitochondrial dynamics[1][4][6]. In epithelial cancers such as colorectal, gastric, and breast carcinoma, ARMCX1 expression is reduced—often by promoter hypermethylation—and this loss correlates with increased proliferation, impaired apoptosis, and greater metastatic potential, suggesting a tumor suppressor function[1][2]. ARMCX1 can interact with proteins involved in mitochondrial trafficking (such as MIRO1), and is closely localized on the X chromosome with other family members, ALEX2 and ALEX3[2][4][5]. While dysregulation of ARMCX1 has been implicated in cancer and neurodegenerative conditions, it is not currently known to be directly targeted by any drugs or therapeutics[2][5][6].

Other names

ALEX1GASP7AD032Arm protein lost in epithelial cancers on chromosome X 1Armadillo repeat containing X-linked 1Armadillo repeat containing, X-linked 1