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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Astrocyte
- Molecular classification
- Glial cell
01
Overview
Astrocytes are a major subtype of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), recognized for their star-shaped morphology and extensive functional diversity. They play essential roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis, supporting neuronal function, and responding to injury. Astrocyte dysfunction contributes to various neuropathologies. Reactive astrogliosis, characterized by changes in gene expression profile (including upregulation of GFAP), hypertrophy/proliferation of astrocytic processes leading to glial scar formation can impede axonal regeneration but also limits spread of damage/inflammation.
- Other names
- Astroglia
02
Biological functions
Structural supportHomeostasis regulation (ion concentrations, neurotransmitter levels, water balance, energy supply)Blood-Brain Barrier maintenanceSynaptic regulation (neurotransmitter uptake/release, synaptogenesis/plasticity)Neuroprotection and repairGlymphatic system contribution
03
Disease associations
NeurodegenerationEpilepsyIschemia/stroke responseCNS injury
04
Safety considerations
Reactive astrogliosis leading to glial scar formation impeding axonal regeneration
05
Biomarkers
GFAPS100β
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