ATP binding cassette sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1)

ATP binding cassette sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1) is a membrane-associated transporter critical for cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from cells, a key process in reverse cholesterol transport and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle formation. ABCA1 is highly expressed in the liver, macrophages, intestine, and adipose tissue, mediating the transfer of cellular lipids to apolipoprotein A-I, the first step in HDL assembly. Mutations in ABCA1 cause familial HDL deficiency and Tangier disease, both associated with dramatically reduced plasma HDL and early-onset cardiovascular disease due to tissue cholesterol accumulation. Given its central role in lipid homeostasis, ABCA1 is considered a therapeutic target for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and its function is modulated by multiple intracellular signaling pathways and lipid metabolites.

Other names

ABC1Cholesterol efflux regulatory protein (CERP)HDL deficiency, Tangier disease proteinATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1Cholesterol efflux pump

Modulation of cholesterol efflux: Compounds that increase ABCA1 expression or function (such as LXR agonists, some anti-inflammatory molecules, antioxidant compounds like curcumin) promote cholesterol and phospholipid export from cells, increasing plasma HDL and enhancing reverse cholesterol transport. Mutation or inhibition: Reduces HDL formation, promoting cholesterol accumulation and associated pathology.