ATP Synthase (N/A)

ATP synthase is a large, multi-subunit enzyme complex found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. It is also present in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. Its primary function is to catalyze the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), utilizing energy derived from a transmembrane proton gradient. It can also hydrolyze ATP to pump protons against their gradient. Mutations affecting various structural genes can impair assembly/function leading to mitochondrial diseases due to insufficient cellular energy production. Over 250 natural/synthetic inhibitors have been identified; these target different parts/subunits for research purposes or potential therapeutic applications—including antimicrobial agents or anti-cancer strategies by disrupting tumor cell metabolism.

Other names

Complex VF₁F₀–ATPaseMitochondrial H⁺–translocating ATP synthaseChloroplastic H⁺–translocating ATP synthaseBacterial H⁺–translocating ATP synthase

Inhibition of ATP synthesis or ATP hydrolysis