ATP synthase membrane subunit e (Subunit e)

ATP synthase membrane subunit e is a small integral membrane protein component of the F₀ sector of mitochondrial (and yeast) ATP synthase (Complex V). Subunit e is anchored to the inner mitochondrial membrane via its N-terminal hydrophobic domain, while its C-terminus extends into the intermembrane space. It is essential for dimerization and oligomerization of ATP synthase, which are critical for maintaining cristae morphology and efficient ATP production. Disruption of subunit e leads to abnormal mitochondrial structure, impaired DNA maintenance, and defective bioenergetics. While inhibitors of ATP synthase affect the overall complex, no approved drugs act selectively on subunit e. Pathogenic mutations in subunit e can contribute to mitochondrial disease through destabilization of the ATP synthase dimer and loss of ATP production capacity.

Other names

subunit e of F₀ sectorSu eATP5ME (in humans)ATP synthase subunit e

Inhibition of ATP synthase activity (e.g., oligomycin binds F₀, prevents proton flow, inhibiting ATP production overall). Disruption or mutation of subunit e compromises ATP synthase dimerization and function, indirectly reducing ATP synthesis.