Atrial natriuretic peptide precursor (NPPA)

Atrial natriuretic peptide precursor (NPPA) encodes the precursor protein for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a key cardiac hormone synthesized and stored in the atria of the heart. Upon atrial stretch (such as due to volume overload), the precursor is cleaved to release mature ANP, a 28-amino acid peptide that acts systemically to induce vasorelaxation, natriuresis, and diuresis primarily via the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA), which stimulates cyclic GMP signaling. ANP crucially regulates blood volume, blood pressure, and cardiac remodeling, and antagonizes the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Increased circulating ANP can be observed in heart failure and volume overload conditions, making it an important cardiovascular biomarker and therapeutic target. Manipulation of the ANP pathway, either directly (agonists) or indirectly (by inhibiting its degradation with neprilysin inhibitors), has been explored in acute heart failure management and related cardiovascular disorders.

Other names

ANP precursorPreproANPNatriuretic peptide AAtrial natriuretic factor precursorAtrial natriuretic factor (ANF)Cardionatrin 1

Agonism of guanylyl cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA), leading to increased intracellular cGMP, activation of protein kinase G, vasodilation, natriuresis, and diuresis