Auto-reactive T-cell

Auto-reactive T-cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that recognize and can respond to self-antigens—components of the body’s own tissues. While most self-reactive T cells are eliminated during development in the thymus (central tolerance), some escape this process and enter the peripheral immune system. These cells have the potential to contribute to autoimmune diseases if not properly regulated. In normal physiology, they may help enhance B-cell responses when antigen-specific helper T-cell activity is limited, thus supporting antibody production. They can also be involved in regulatory mechanisms that downregulate excessive immune responses, including those against self-antigens. If peripheral tolerance fails or is overwhelmed, harmful auto-reactive T-cells can become activated and drive autoimmune pathology by attacking healthy tissues. Such activation often requires additional signals from co-stimulatory molecules or inflammatory cytokines; dysregulation at this level increases risk for autoimmune disease. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in suppressing potentially harmful auto-reactive clones through direct cell contact and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Other names

Self-reactive T-cell