Autoantibody (autoAb)

An autoantibody is an antibody produced by the immune system that mistakenly targets and reacts with an individual's own proteins, cells, or tissues (self-antigens), rather than foreign invaders. This loss of self-tolerance is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, where autoantibodies can serve both as biomarkers and mediators of disease pathology. They can directly damage tissues by binding to cell surface receptors or extracellular matrix components, activating complement pathways, or modulating receptor function. Natural autoantibodies (mainly IgM) are present at low levels and are thought to play roles in immune homeostasis and clearance of cellular debris.

Other names

Self-reactive antibodyAntibody to self-antigen

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