Autologous human Schwann cell (ahSC)

Autologous human Schwann cells (ahSCs) represent a cellular therapeutic approach rather than a discrete molecular target [1]. These cells are the primary glia of the peripheral nervous system, responsible for myelinating axons and supporting nerve regeneration through the secretion of various growth factors and the provision of a physical scaffold [2]. In the context of central nervous system injuries, such as spinal cord injury, ahSCs are harvested from the patient's own peripheral nerves, expanded in vitro, and transplanted into the injury site [1][3]. Their therapeutic effect is mediated via complex tissue-level interactions, including the promotion of axonal regrowth, remyelination of denuded axons, and modulation of the local inhibitory environment [2]. Because they are autologous, they minimize the risk of immune rejection, though challenges remain regarding the optimal timing of delivery and the potential for inducing neuropathic pain [1][3]. Citations: [1] Anderson KD, et al. (2017). Safety of Autologous Human Schwann Cell Transplantation in Subacute Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. [2] Monje PV, et al. (2018). Schwann Cell Properties and Therapeutic Strategies. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. [3] Bunge MB, Wood PM. (2012). The role of Schwann cells in spinal cord repair. Handbook of Clinical Neurology.

Other names

Schwann cellPeripheral nerve glial cellAutologous Schwann cell transplantation

Autologous human Schwann cells function through multiple cellular and tissue-level processes, including the formation of a growth-supportive bridge across injury sites, the secretion of neurotrophic factors (such as NGF and BDNF) to promote axonal survival and elongation, and the remyelination of regenerated or spared axons to restore saltatory conduction [1][2].