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B cell surface antigen CD20 (CD20)

Target: CD20
Molecular classification: Transmembrane protein, Phosphoprotein

Overview

CD20 is a non-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of B cells. It plays a crucial role in normal immune system function and serves as an important biomarker and therapeutic target in various B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. The precise biological function of CD20 remains incompletely understood, but it appears to be involved in regulating calcium influx upon activation via the B-cell receptor (BCR) and helps maintain efficient signaling through the BCR complex. CD20 acts as a "gatekeeper" for maintaining resting state organization of receptors on mature human B lymphocytes. Antibody-mediated engagement of CD20 disrupts this organization, leading to transient activation and changes in cellular fate toward plasma cell development. Anti-CD20 therapies work by binding specifically to this antigen on malignant/cancerous B-cells leading to their destruction.

Other names: Cluster of Differentiation 20MS4A1

Mechanism of action

Binds specifically to CD20 on B-cells, leading to their destruction.

Biological functions

Regulation of calcium influxB-cell receptor (BCR) signalingMaintenance of resting state receptor organizationHumoral immune response

Disease associations

B-cell malignanciesAutoimmune diseasesLymphomaLeukemia

Safety considerations

B-cell depletionImmunosuppressionInfusion reactions

Interacting drugs

Rituximab

Biomarkers

CD20 expression levels in B cellsDetection of CD20-positive malignant/abnormal B cell populations

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