B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 and B-cell receptor CD22 (CD19/CD22)

CD19 and CD22 are two prominent surface antigens expressed throughout B-cell development, making them critical targets for treating B-cell malignancies. CD19 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a dominant signaling component of a multimolecular complex on mature B cells, lowering the threshold for B-cell receptor (BCR) activation [6, 17]. CD22 is a sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec-2) that primarily acts as an inhibitory co-receptor, regulating B-cell signal transduction and preventing over-activation [12]. In modern immunotherapy, targeting CD19 and CD22 simultaneously (dual targeting) is a strategic approach used to overcome "antigen escape," a common resistance mechanism where cancer cells downregulate or lose CD19 expression to evade monospecific CAR-T therapies [1, 5]. This dual-targeting strategy, often delivered via bispecific CAR-T cells or sequential antibody treatments, has shown high complete remission rates in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [2, 13]. While highly effective, these therapies require careful management of toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity [4, 15].

Other names

CD19 and CD22CD19/CD22 dual targetB-cell surface antigens CD19 and CD22Cluster of Differentiation 19 and 22

Dual-antigen recognition by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells or bispecific antibodies to induce T-cell mediated cytotoxicity against B-cells, specifically designed to prevent antigen escape-mediated relapse.