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Bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA in the 50S ribosomal subunit (23S rRNA)
- Target
- 23S rRNA
- Molecular classification
- Ribosomal RNA, Non-coding RNA, Structural RNA, Ribosome component, Other (peptidyl transferase ribozyme)
01
Overview
The **23S ribosomal RNA** is a ~2,900 nucleotide structural RNA comprising the catalytic core of the prokaryotic 50S ribosomal subunit; its domains orchestrate peptide bond formation in the peptidyl transferase center and facilitate tRNA binding, positioning, and protein synthesis. It interacts with many antibacterial agents that inhibit translation by blocking the function or assembly of this RNA. Mutations or methylations in 23S rRNA lead to high levels of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria, making it a central target and biomarker in clinical microbiology and antibiotic drug development.
- Other names
- 23S rRNA23S ribosomal RNA (50S)23S large-subunit rRNALSU rRNAPeptidyl transferase center rRNA
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of peptide bond formation (blocking peptidyl transferase activity) Preventing translocation of tRNA or release of nascent peptide Blocking binding or proper positioning of tRNA in the P site
03
Biological functions
Peptidyl transferase activityCatalysis of peptide bond formationRibosome assemblyTranslation (protein synthesis)tRNA binding and positioning
04
Disease associations
Infection (bacterial; critical target for antibacterial therapy)Other (antibiotic resistance via mutation/modification)
05
Safety considerations
Emergence of antibiotic resistance due to point mutations, methylation, or chemical modification of 23S rRNAOff-target effects in mitochondria (mitochondrial ribosomes are similar, leading to potential toxicity)
06
Interacting drugs
Chloramphenicol
6 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Mutations at key nucleotides in domain V (e.g., A2058G, A2059G, A2503, U2609)Methylation status of the 23S rRNA (e.g., methylation at U2552 by RlmE)
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