Bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit (23S rRNA)

Bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit is a large, non-coding RNA (~2,900 nucleotides in E. coli) that forms the catalytic core of the bacterial large ribosomal subunit (50S). It organizes six secondary structure domains, with domain V housing the peptidyl transferase center—essential for protein synthesis and responsible for peptide bond formation. Numerous antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth by binding to specific sites within 23S rRNA (chiefly in domain V), effectively blocking translation; mutations and modifications in 23S rRNA confer resistance to many classes of antibacterial drugs. Thus, 23S rRNA is critically important both for cell viability and as a therapeutic target for antibiotics. Its molecular architecture and function distinguish it from eukaryotic ribosomes, facilitating selective inhibition by antibiotics.

Other names

23S rRNALarge-subunit ribosomal RNAPeptidyl transferase center RNARibosomal RNA (23S)

Inhibit peptide bond formation by blocking the peptidyl transferase center; Prevent binding of aminoacyl- or peptidyl-tRNA; Disturb translocation of tRNA and mRNA; Induce ribosomal stalling or premature termination of protein synthesis.