Bacterial 70S ribosome (70S ribosome)

The **bacterial 70S ribosome** is a large ribonucleoprotein complex essential for protein synthesis in all bacteria. It consists of two major subunits, the small 30S subunit and the large 50S subunit; together, these catalyze the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. The 70S ribosome derives its name from its sedimentation coefficient in Svedberg units. The 30S subunit mediates mRNA decoding and contains the 16S rRNA and about 21 proteins, while the 50S subunit orchestrates peptide bond formation and includes the 23S and 5S rRNA plus about 33 proteins. The catalytic core of the ribosome is RNA-based (ribozyme activity). The ribosome has multiple binding sites for tRNA (A, P, and E sites) and is the target for numerous clinically important antibiotics, which exploit structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes to selectively inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Structural studies of the bacterial 70S ribosome have provided insights into phylogenetic diversity, antibiotic binding, and conformational dynamics critical for its function and for antibiotic mechanism-of-action development[1][2][4][5][6][8].

Other names

prokaryotic 70S ribosomebacterial ribosome70S ribosomal complexprokaryotic ribosome

Inhibition of mRNA decoding; Blockade of peptide bond formation; Prevention of translocation along mRNA; Disruption of tRNA binding or movement; Induction of ribosomal conformational changes to arrest protein synthesis[7][1]