Bacterial adhesion processes of Cutibacterium acnes to skin (C. acnes adhesion)

Bacterial adhesion of Cutibacterium acnes to the skin is a critical initial step in the colonization of the pilosebaceous unit and the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. This complex process involves both reversible and irreversible stages, mediated by a variety of bacterial surface components including dermatan sulfate-binding adhesins (DsA1 and DsA2), fibrinogen-binding proteins, and Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen (CAMP) factors. Following initial attachment, C. acnes produces an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, often referred to as 'biological glue', which facilitates the formation of biofilms that protect the bacteria from host immune defenses and antimicrobial treatments. These adhesion processes not only allow for bacterial persistence but also trigger inflammatory cascades by promoting the release of host-tissue degrading enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic interventions targeting these processes are an area of active research, including the use of anti-adhesive compounds like zinc, biofilm-disrupting enzymes such as dispersin B, and vaccines designed to neutralize key surface adhesins. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing more targeted and effective treatments for acne and other C. acnes-associated infections.

Other names

Cutibacterium acnes skin attachmentC. acnes biofilm formationBacterial adherence to the pilosebaceous unitPropionibacterium acnes adhesion

Inhibition of bacterial surface attachment, disruption of the extracellular biofilm matrix, and degradation of adhesive exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA.