Bacterial phospholipid membrane

The bacterial phospholipid membrane is a vital, semi-permeable barrier that separates the cytoplasm from the external environment, playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy production (Epand et al., 2016, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta). Unlike mammalian membranes, bacterial membranes are characterized by a high proportion of negatively charged phospholipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, and a lack of cholesterol (Zhang & Rock, 2008, Nature Reviews Microbiology). This distinct composition makes the membrane an attractive target for antimicrobial agents, which exploit the electrostatic attraction between cationic drug molecules and the anionic membrane surface (Straus & Hancock, 2006, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta). Drugs like polymyxins and daptomycin exert their bactericidal effects by inducing membrane depolarization, forming pores, or physically disrupting the bilayer, leading to the leakage of essential ions and metabolites (StatPearls, 2023, "Polymyxin B"). Because the membrane is essential for bacterial viability, targeting it is an effective strategy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including multi-drug resistant strains. However, therapeutic use is often limited by potential toxicity to host tissues, such as nephrotoxicity or myopathy, if the drug lacks sufficient selectivity for bacterial over eukaryotic membranes (NIH, LiverTox, "Daptomycin").

Other names

Bacterial cytoplasmic membraneBacterial cell membraneBacterial plasma membraneBacterial inner membrane

Induction of membrane depolarization, pore formation, and physical disruption of the phospholipid bilayer leading to loss of cytoplasmic contents and cell death.