Bacterial ribosome 50S subunit ribosomal RNA (50S rRNA)

The bacterial ribosome 50S subunit ribosomal RNA refers to the rRNA components (predominantly 23S and 5S rRNA) that comprise the large (50S) subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome[1][2][4][7]. This subunit is essential for catalyzing peptide bond formation and orchestrating the elongation and termination phases of translation, working in concert with ribosomal proteins to maintain structural integrity and catalytic function[1][5][8]. The 23S rRNA contains the peptidyl transferase center and mediates binding of tRNAs and many antibiotics, while 5S rRNA is crucial for proper assembly and activity of the subunit[5]. Many clinically important antibiotics bind to specific regions of the 23S rRNA within the 50S subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis by interfering with key catalytic activities[3][6][1]. Structural features, regulatory modification (such as methylation), and genetic mutations in 50S rRNA determine sensitivity or resistance to antibiotics, making the 50S subunit rRNA a major therapeutic target for antibacterial drugs[6][3][1][7].

Other names

Large ribosomal subunit RNA23S rRNA5S rRNA of 50S50S ribosomal RNA

Inhibition of peptidyl transferase activity, Blocking tRNA binding or movement, Preventing peptide bond formation, Interfering with ribosome assembly and maturation, Stabilizing or distorting key functional sites within rRNA