Bacterial transmembrane proton extrusion system

Bacterial transmembrane proton extrusion systems are a diverse group of membrane-bound proteins and complexes responsible for transporting protons (H+) from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space (NIH, 2023). These systems, which include respiratory chain complexes, F1Fo-ATP synthases, and various primary and secondary active transporters, are essential for maintaining the bacterial proton motive force (PMF) and internal pH homeostasis (Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2011). The PMF generated by these systems drives critical cellular processes such as ATP synthesis, nutrient uptake, flagellar rotation, and the active efflux of toxic compounds, including antibiotics (ASM, 2023). Consequently, these systems are vital for bacterial survival, virulence, and the development of multidrug resistance (MDPI, 2023). Targeting these systems, for example through the inhibition of ATP synthase by drugs like bedaquiline or the dissipation of the PMF by protonophores, represents a potent strategy for treating bacterial infections, particularly those caused by resistant pathogens (NIH, 2023). Additionally, inhibiting these extrusion systems can sensitize bacteria to existing antibiotics by preventing their efflux, thereby serving as an effective adjuvant therapy in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance (ResearchGate, 2022).

Other names

Bacterial proton pumpBacterial H+ extrusion machineryBacterial pH homeostasis systemProton motive force (PMF) generating system

Inhibition of ATP synthase, dissipation of the proton motive force, inhibition of drug efflux, and disruption of intracellular pH homeostasis.