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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M)
- Target
- B2M
- Molecular classification
- Protein, MHC Class I component
01
Overview
Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is a low molecular weight protein that is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) found on the surface of most nucleated cells. It plays a crucial role in immune function by stabilizing MHC Class I molecules, which are essential for CD8+ T cell development and antigen presentation. B2M is also involved in iron metabolism through its interaction with HFE protein, regulating hepcidin expression. Clinically, B2M is a useful biomarker for assessing kidney function, monitoring hematologic malignancies (especially multiple myeloma), and detecting dialysis-related amyloidosis. Elevated levels can indicate increased cellular turnover, inflammation, or kidney dysfunction.
02
Biological functions
Immune system regulationIron metabolism regulationMHC Class I stabilization and cell surface expressionCD8+ T cell developmentHepcidin expression regulation
03
Disease associations
Renal diseaseMultiple myelomaDialysis-related amyloidosisHemochromatosisHIV infection
04
Safety considerations
Elevation in serum can indicate various pathological conditions, requiring careful differential diagnosis.Chronic elevation in patients undergoing long-term dialysis can lead to amyloid deposition and associated complications.
05
Biomarkers
Kidney function/damageMultiple myeloma prognosisTumor burdenInflammationKidney transplant rejection
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