Biofilm production

Biofilm production is a complex multicellular process where microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, adhere to surfaces and secrete a protective extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. This process transforms free-floating planktonic cells into a sessile community that is significantly more resistant to host immune responses and antibiotic treatments, often by factors of 100 to 1000 times. Biofilms are a major cause of chronic and healthcare-associated infections, particularly those involving medical implants, chronic wounds, and the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Therapeutic targeting of biofilm production involves disrupting the regulatory pathways like quorum sensing, degrading the structural matrix, or preventing initial attachment. While not a single molecular entity, biofilm production is a critical phenotypic target in the development of next-generation anti-infectives designed to restore antibiotic efficacy and clear persistent infections.

Other names

Biofilm formationBiofilm developmentBacterial biofilmExtracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production

Anti-biofilm strategies include the inhibition of quorum sensing signaling, enzymatic degradation of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, inhibition of initial bacterial adhesion to surfaces, and the use of iron chelators to disrupt biofilm stability.