BK polyomavirus VP1-derived peptide–HLA class I complex (BKV VP1-HLA-I complex)

BK polyomavirus VP1-derived peptide–HLA class I complexes are molecular assemblies consisting of antigenic peptides derived from the major capsid protein (VP1) of the BK polyomavirus (BKV) bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. These complexes are expressed on the surface of BKV-infected cells, such as renal tubular epithelial cells, where they serve as the primary targets for recognition by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In immunocompromised individuals, such as kidney transplant recipients, BKV can reactivate and cause BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) or hemorrhagic cystitis due to a lack of effective T-cell control. Therapeutic strategies targeting these complexes include adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) and the development of T-cell receptor (TCR)-like antibodies that mimic the specificity of the immune system. By specifically binding to these pMHC complexes, these therapies aim to selectively eliminate infected cells and restore viral control without the broad immunosuppression associated with conventional treatments.

Other names

BKV VP1 peptide-MHC complexBK virus VP1-HLA class I complexBKV VP1-HLA-A*02:01 complexAITEVECFL-HLA-A*02:01 complexLLMWEAVTV-HLA-A*02:01 complexpMHC complex

Recognition by T-cell receptors (TCRs) on adoptive T cells or by TCR-like antibodies to trigger targeted lysis of BKV-infected cells via granzyme/perforin pathways or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).